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Dictionary of cactus alkaloids
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Anhalidine: Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid (2-methyl-6,7-dimeethoxy-8- hydroxy-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroisoquinoline) Found in Lophophora and Pelecyphora.
B-O-methylsynephrine: Phenolic B-phenethylamine found in citrus trees and some cacti. No data on pharmacology, but similar compound B-O-methylepin- ephrine produces considerable CNS stimulation.
3-dimethyltrichocereine: B-phenethylamine alkaloid (N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxy- 4,5-dimethoxy-B-phenethylamine). Found in Pelecyphora and some Trichocereus species.
Dolichotheline: Imidazole alkaloid properly known as N-isovalerylhistamine or 4(5)-[2-N-isovalerylaminoethyl]imidazole. Found only in Dolichothele and Gymnocactus species. Pharmacological action still unknown.
Homoveratrilamine: a dimethoxy form of the mescaline molecule (3,4-dimeth- oxy-B-phenethylamine). It has no activity by itself, but may alter the mescaline experience slightly when taken in combination. It is found in San Pedro cactus and in the urine of certain types of schizophrenics.
Hordenine: Phenolic B-phenethylamine found in barley roots and several cacti. Also known as anhaline (N,N-dimethyltyramine). Has mild sympatho- mimetic activity and antiseptic action.
Macromerine: Nonphenolic B-phenethylamine (N,N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethoxy-B- hydroxy-B-phenethylamine. Found only in Coryphantha species. Reputed to possess 1/5 the potency of mescaline.
Mescaline: Nonphenolic B-phenethylamine (3,4,5-trimethoxy-B-phenethylamine). main psychoactive component of Peyote, San Pedro, and several other tricho- cereus species. Also found in traces in Pelecyphorea.
Metanephrine: Weak sympathomimetic found in Coryphantha species.
3-methoxytyramine: Pheneolic B-Phenethylamine found in the plant kingdom for the first time in San Pedro cacti. Also found in the urine of persons with certain types of brain disorders and cancer of the nervous system.
N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxy-B-Phenethylamine: Found in Pelecyphora aselliformis, Coryphantha runyonii and Ariocarpus species, but not in peyote. Has slight activity in depletion of cardiac norepinephrine.
N-methylphenethylamine: Nonphenolic B-phenethylamine alkaloid recently found in the Dolichothele species. Also found in Acacia species and other plants. Goats and sheeps in Texas sometimes eat Acacia berlandia and suffer a condition known as limberleg or Guajillo wobbles. Pressor action of this alkaloid has been shown experimentally to occur with low toxicity. Phenealanine and meth- ionine are it's biosynthetic precursors.
N-methyltyramine: Phenolic B-phenethylamine found in some cacti, mutated barley roots and a few other plants. Probably an intermediate phytochemical step in the methylation of tyramine to form candicine. Has mild sympathomim- etic action and probable antibacterial properties.
Normacromerine: Nonphenolic B-phenethylamine (N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethoxy-B- hydroxy-B-phenethylamine) found in Coryphantha species. Shows less effect on rats than macromerine.
Pellotine: Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid (1,2-dimethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-8- hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) found in Lophophora and pelecyphora.
Synephrine: Phenolic B-phenethylamine (N-methyl-4-hydroxy-B-phenethylamine) found in citrus plants, some cacti, and human urine. Well known sympathomim- etic agent. Probably an intermediary in phytosynthesis of macromerine.
Tyramine: Phenolic B-phenethylamine found in several cacti. Mild sympatho- mimetic with some possible antiseptic activity. | |
